GPS约束下陇西地区断裂带现今滑动速率的非连续接触模拟研究     

孟庆筱  景鹏旭  何申海  党学会 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(12):1227-1231

以中国地壳运动观测网络1999、2001、2004和2007年4期GPS观测数据为边界条件，使用非连续接触有限元技术构建陇西块体二维有限元模型，在摩擦系数不确定性分析基础上，计算区内主要断裂带滑动速率。结果表明，现今地壳形变运动状态下陇西块体的北东向运动在海原断裂附近受到鄂尔多斯块体、阿拉善块体阻碍，陇西块体周缘的海原断裂带、老虎山断裂、西秦岭北缘断裂呈现左旋走滑特征，滑动速率为3.5 mm/a、2.2 mm/a和1.9 mm/a，说明在青藏高原推挤作用下以上关键部位正在进行快速的构造应变积累。  相似文献   

Galileo广播星历评估及其对定位精度的影响     

韩德强  党亚民  庞辉  薛树强  杨强  张龙平 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(11):1165-1169

分析现阶段伽利略空间信号的精度，并评估伽利略广播星历及其对单点定位的影响。统计30 d健康卫星广播星历，结果表明，FOC和IOV两种类型的广播星历卫星轨道误差优于0.8 m，并且径向误差最小，法向误差次之，切向误差最大；伽利略卫星的钟差误差精度达到1.0 ns；从空间信号测距误差对伽利略卫星进行整体分析，广播星历精度优于1.0 m，FOC与IOV卫星精度相当；用广播星历进行事后单点定位的精度可以达到dm级。  相似文献   

Long‐term variations and temporal scaling of hydroclimatic time series with focus on the German part of the Elbe River Basin          下载免费PDF全文

D. Markovic  M. Koch 《水文研究》2014,28(4):2202-2211

Long‐term variations and temporal scaling of mean monthly time series of river flow, precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, duration of bright sunshine, degree of cloud cover, short wave radiation, wind speed and potential evaporation within or in vicinity of the German part of the Elbe River Basin are analyzed. Statistically significant correlations between the 2–15 year scale‐averaged wavelet spectra of the hydroclimatic variables and the North Atlantic Oscillation‐ and Arctic Oscillation index are found which suggests that such long‐term patterns in hydroclimatic time series are externally forced. The Hurst parameter estimates (H) based on the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) indicate persistence for discharge, precipitation, wind speed, air pressure and the degree of cloud cover, all having an annual cycle and a broad low‐frequency distribution. Also, DFA H parameter estimates are higher for discharge than for precipitation. The major long‐term quasi‐periodic variability modes of precipitation detected using Singular Spectrum Analysis coincide with those detected in the discharge time series. Upon subtraction of these low‐frequency quasi‐periodic modes, the DFA H parameter estimates suggest absence of the persistence for both precipitation and discharge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Luminescence chronology of late Quaternary moraines and Last Glacial Maximum equilibrium‐line altitude reconstruction from Parlung Zangbo Valley,south‐eastern Tibetan Plateau          下载免费PDF全文

RENRONG CHEN  SHANGZHE ZHOU  ZHONGPING LAI  XIANJIAO OU  RONG CHEN  YINGBIN DENG 《第四纪科学杂志》2014,29(6):597-604

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Spatial and temporal variations of albedo on nine glaciers in western China from 2000 to 2011          下载免费PDF全文

Jie Wang  Baisheng Ye  Yuhuan Cui  Xiaobo He  Guojing Yang 《水文研究》2014,28(9):3454-3465

This research demonstrates the spatiotemporal variations of albedo on nine glaciers in western China during 2000–2011, by the albedo derived from two types of datasets: Landsat TM/ETM + images and MOD10A1 product. Then, the influence factors of glacier albedo and its relationship with glacier mass balance are also analyzed by the correlation approach, which is frequently used in geostatistics. The paper finds that there are different spatiotemporal variations over the glaciers in western China: (1) For a single glacier, the albedo varies gently with altitude on its tongue and increases fast in the middle part, while in the accumulation zones, the albedo value appears in the form of fluctuation. This could provide a quantitative method to retrieve the snowline by determining the threshold albedo value of snowpack and bare ice. (2) For the glaciers in western China, the albedo decreases with distance to the center of Tibetan Plateau (TP). This may relate to the elevation of glacier, for the speed of glacier retreat highly depends on air temperature. (3) In the summer period, albedo on most glaciers declines over the last 12 years, and it decreases much faster in southeastern TP than other regions, for which air temperature overwhelms the black carbon concentration. In addition, the trend of glacier albedo in summer is greatly correlated with that of measured glacier mass balance, which implies that the long‐term albedo datasets by remote sensing technology could be used to monitor and predict the change of glacier mass balance in the future. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

“一带一路”成员国居民健康状况的时空统计分析     

郭文杰  秦昆  毛宗福  王一喆  汪瑶  许刚  马露 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(5):1133-1141

健康是影响不同国家和地区发展的关键因素,全面了解“一带一路”成员国的居民健康状况,是探讨“一带一路”成员国之间健康医疗合作的重要基础。本文选择了4个代表性的健康状况指标（出生期望寿命、总生育率、过早非传染性疾病死亡率和结核病发病率）,利用Moran's I指数、Getis-Ord G指数对“一带一路”135个成员国的健康状况进行时空统计,分析了健康状况的空间相关性和空间分布模式,研究了健康状况的时空格局。研究发现：① 2000—2016年“一带一路”大部分成员国的各项健康状况指标均朝着改善和优化方向发展;健康状况指标均呈现显著的正空间自相关性;② 总体而言,在“一带一路”成员国中,欧洲国家的居民健康状况最好;南北美洲和大洋洲国家的居民健康状况良好;亚洲国家的居民健康状况总体良好,但东南亚部分国家的结核病发病率较高;非洲国家的居民健康状况虽有明显改善,但仍处于较低状态。因此,“一带一路”成员国应进一步加强健康医疗合作,共同推动健康丝绸之路的发展。  相似文献   

青藏高原东北缘瑞利面波成像：射线理论与程函方程结果的比较     

郝识杰  黄周传  王良书  徐鸣洁  米宁  于大勇 《高校地质学报》2020,26(6):712-720

青藏高原东北缘是青藏高原隆升的前缘地带，其构造变形特征一直是研究的热点。前人在该区域进行过面波成像研究，但不同结果存在较明显的差异，可能与不同成像方法的分辨率有关，此次研究分别使用基于射线的方法和基于程函方程的方法进行了瑞利波相速度成像。笔者对比了20 s、30 s和60 s的成像结果，两种方法的结果表现出相似的速度特征。总体的速度特征与研究区域的主要构造单元分布相吻合，青藏高原东北缘表现出低速异常，鄂尔多斯块体表现出高速异常。在银川河套地堑，基于程函方程的成像在20 s和30 s得到更明显的低速异常，低速异常体的分布与地堑的轮廓吻合更好，说明基于程函方程的方法对数据利用更充分。  相似文献   

Evolutionary biogeography on Ophiocordyceps sinensis:An indicator of molecular phylogeny to geochronological and ecological exchanges     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(3):807-820

The fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis is endemic to the vast region of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau(QTP).The unique and complex geographical environmental conditions have led to the "sky island" distribution structure of O.sinensis.Due to limited and unbalanced sample collections,the previous data on O.sinensis regarding its genetic diversity and spatial structure have been deemed insufficient.In this study,we analyzed the diversity and phylogeographic structures of O.sinensis using internally transcribed spacer region(ITS) and 5-locus datasets by a large-scale sampling.A total of 111 haplotypes of ITS sequences were identified from 948 samples data of the fungus O.sinensis,with representing high genetic diversity,and 8 phylogenetic clades were recognized in O.sinensis.Both the southeastern Tibet and the northwestern Yunnan were the centers of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of the fungus,and they were inferred as the glacial refugia in the Quaternary.Three distribution patterns were identified to correspond to the 8 clades,including but not limited to the coexistence of widely and specific local distributive structures.It also revealed that the differentiation pattern of O.sinensis did not fit for the isolation-by-distance model.The differentiation into the 8 clades occurred between 1.56 Myr and6.62 Myr.The ancestor of O.sinensis most likely originated in the late Miocene(6.62 Myr) in the northwestern Yunnan,and the Scene A-C of the Qinghai-Tibetan movements may have played an important role in the differentiation of O.sinensis during the late Miocene-Pliocene periods.Our current results provide a much clearer and detailed understanding of the genetic diversity and geographical spatial distribution of the endemic alpine fungus O.sinensis.It also revealed that the geochronology resulting from paleogeology could be cross-examined with biomolecular clock at a finer scale.  相似文献   

The spatial local accuracy of land cover datasets over the Qiangtang Plateau,High Asia     

Liu  Qionghuan  Zhang  Yili  Liu  Linshan  Li  Lanhui  Qi  Wei 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(11):1841-1858

We analyzed the spatial local accuracy of land cover (LC) datasets for the Qiangtang Plateau, High Asia, incorporating 923 field sampling points and seven LC compilations including the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme Data and Information System (IGBPDIS), Global Land cover mapping at 30 m resolution (GlobeLand30), MODIS Land Cover Type product (MCD12Q1), Climate Change Initiative Land Cover (CCI-LC), Global Land Cover 2000 (GLC2000), University of Maryland (UMD), and GlobCover 2009 (Glob-Cover). We initially compared resultant similarities and differences in both area and spatial patterns and analyzed inherent relationships with data sources. We then applied a geographically weighted regression (GWR) approach to predict local accuracy variation. The results of this study reveal that distinct differences, even inverse time series trends, in LC data between CCI-LC and MCD12Q1 were present between 2001 and 2015, with the exception of category areal discordance between the seven datasets. We also show a series of evident discrepancies amongst the LC datasets sampled here in terms of spatial patterns, that is, high spatial congruence is mainly seen in the homogeneous southeastern region of the study area while a low degree of spatial congruence is widely distributed across heterogeneous northwestern and northeastern regions. The overall combined spatial accuracy of the seven LC datasets considered here is less than 70%, and the GlobeLand30 and CCI-LC datasets exhibit higher local accuracy than their counterparts, yielding maximum overall accuracy (OA) values of 77.39% and 61.43%, respectively. Finally, 5.63% of this area is characterized by both high assessment and accuracy (HH) values, mainly located in central and eastern regions of the Qiangtang Plateau, while most low accuracy regions are found in northern, northeastern, and western regions.

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近六百年来长江三角洲地区城镇空间与城镇体系格局演变分析     

覃丽君  金晓斌  蒋宇超  薛樵风  成一农  龙瀛  杨绪红  周寅康 《地理研究》2019,38(5):1045-1062

基于历史文献、古地图和现代遥感数据,引入历史学古代城镇形态复原方法,复原（提取）明代以来长江三角洲地区113座城镇7个时间断面（1461年、1820年、1930年、1970年、1980年、2000年和2010年）下的城镇边界,采用扩张速率、扩张效率、首位度指数和位序-规模法则,分析了近六百年来区域城镇空间与城镇体系等级规模演变格局。取得以下研究结果：\mathrm{①}研究时段内,区内城镇用地总规模由205.98 km²增加到6442.19 km²,扩大了31.27倍;城镇扩张经历了萌芽阶段（明清时期）、起步阶段（民国至改革开放前夕）、成长阶段（改革开放至2000年）和加速阶段（2000—2010年）,城镇扩张速率不断加快,但扩张效率有待提升;\mathrm{②}在城镇等级规模空间格局上,明清时期南京与苏州为区内的一级城镇,民国后,上海逐渐取代其地位,从五级城镇发展成为区域核心城镇,四级以上城镇主要集中在长江干流沿岸和太湖流域,五级以下城镇大多集中在安徽;城镇体系呈首位型分布,城镇首位度较高,且改革开放后的城镇首位度较明清与民国时期要高,不同等级规模城镇之间差距扩大,大城镇优势较强。近30年,长江沿岸城镇发展加速,苏锡常都市圈、南京都市圈等逐渐形成并快速发展。  相似文献